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The Christianity Today women's blog provides news and analysis from the perspective of evangelical women. We cover news stories and books related to international justice and evangelism, pregnancy and sexual ethics, marriage, parenting, and celibacy, pop culture, health and body image, raising girls, and women in the church and parachurch.Her.meneutics is edited by associate editor Katelyn Beaty and online editor Sarah Pulliam Bailey.
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May 5, 2009Glow-in-the-Dark Bark
Ruppy, the world's first transgenic dog, raises questions about the ramifications of genetic tinkering.
My two-year-old has a pair of pajamas that glow in the dark. He loves them, and asks to wear them almost every night. And I say yes - as long as they're clean. But what do I say when he asks me for a glow-in-the-dark puppy?
Scientists at Seoul National University in South Korea recently announced the successful cloning of the world's first transgenic dog. "Transgenic," meaning that the dog, dubbed Ruppy (a combination of "ruby" and "puppy"), carries a gene from another species - in this case a red-fluorescing protein taken from a sea anemone. Headed by Byeong-Chun Lee, who made headlines in 2005 with Snuppy, the world's first cloned dog, the team of scientists injected cloned canine cells with the fluorescent gene in order to create Ruppy and four other glowing beagles. Ruppy doesn't actually glow in the dark, but she does fluoresce an eerie-looking red under UV light (see right).
I've seen fluorescing anemones at aquariums, waving in the water, their delicate fronds emitting a soft light alongside plaques explaining the gene they carry that makes them glow. And I can't help thinking about these creatures - hidden in the ocean for ages before being discovered by humans - glowing for perhaps no reason other than the glory of their Creator.
Now we have not only seen the fluorescing sea anemone, we have isolated what makes it glow, harvested the gene, and successfully implanted it into a mammal. We've made ourselves a glowing dog, though I doubt my son will be getting his glow-in-the-dark puppy any time soon - only 1.7 percent of the cloned embryos from which Ruppy hails developed to full term.
Besides, Ruppy wasn't engineered for the commercial market anyway. The implications of transgenics extend not only to medicine but to industry and agriculture as well. Although two other species of transgenic mammals have previously been created - mice and rabbits - transgenic dogs could be of particular use to researchers. Dogs, especially lab beagles, react to certain drugs in ways very similar to humans, and thus can be used to predict human responses in clinical drug trials.
I can't help wondering, though, as we push the boundaries of current scientific limitations, how far we will - or should - go. Ruppy is a far cry from the genetically engineered humans of futuristic movies like Gattaca; at the same time, I wonder if Ruppy represents a step toward that. We're not close enough for me to fear the day when parents will choose their children's hair or eye color, but as we inch ever closer, I worry about the degree to which we meddle in things we still don't fully understand.
A fluorescing puppy is interesting, and I appreciate the potential for future scientific discoveries that will benefit people. But I also fear the potential ramifications of genetic engineering, as it moves from less of a sci-fi fantasy into a reality.
How about you?
Posted by Katelyn Beaty on May 5, 2009 8:41 AM
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Comments
When I hear stories like this, I think about the dialogue in the movie, "Jurassic Park," where the mathmatician criticizes the park owner for his hubris. It goes something like this, "Your scientists only asked 'can we?', not 'should we?' !!"
There's a reason for a sea anemone to fluoresce. But, why create a dog that can fluoresce beyond the intellectual challenge and arrogance of 'can we do it?'
Posted By: LawGirl | May 5, 2009 2:15 PM
Amazing!
Now if they could only clone a dog that won't go on my lawn! LOL
http://www.scholarshiphunter.com/keepdogsofflawn.html
Posted By: Angie Waters | May 5, 2009 3:52 PM
There's a reason for a sea anemone to fluoresce. But, why create a dog that can fluoresce beyond the intellectual challenge and arrogance of 'can we do it?'
This is proof-of-concept type of experiment; it's not necessarily "arrogance" (or a bioaesthic project like the Green Fluorescent Rabbit). It's easy to detect Red Fluorescent Protein in both embryos and in mature animals; the choice to make a fluorescing dog ws probably purely practical. This experiment shows that we can express non-native genes in dogs (I believe this had already been shown in embryos) and that those dog embryos can grow into puppies. It's probable that this lab plans to introduce other non-native genes into dogs using this technique either for practical/medical purposes or to answer basic scientific questions.
Should we do this? What does scripture say on this kind of activity? Could we consider this an extension of animal husbandry which was clearly practiced in biblical times and has been breeding animals more useful to humans for ages? Or is this something new?
I haven't done this, but I think it would be instructive to examine the response of South Korean Christians to their nation's genetic/biological research, and compare it with American Christians' responses to things like this and related topics such as stem cell research.
Posted By: Bill (a biochemist by trade) | May 5, 2009 4:36 PM
I've written several books on genetic engineering and cloning, so you'd think that I'd be used to all these "innovations." But it never fails to amaze me when I read about the strange things that "scientists" want to do, and sometimes succeed in doing.
I find it appalling that someone would want to destroy the natural purity of a living being. Every creature on this earth was perfectly designed. We don't need scientists who try to play God.
Posted By: Linda Tagliaferro | May 6, 2009 8:55 AM
I find it appalling that someone would want to destroy the natural purity of a living being. Every creature on this earth was perfectly designed. We don't need scientists who try to play God.
Was the original breeder of the Chihuahua destroying the natural purity of a living being? Is this any different than creating a new dog breed? Or, is this different than traditional animal husbandry because it involves introducing non-canine genes? From a basic research standpoint, is it wrong to do this kind of thing to a dog even for the sake of "figuring out how things work" for possible benefit to humanity (I doubt anyone would argue making a Ruman [Red Fluorescent Human] would be inside the bounds of the ethical)?
What kind of biblical guidance can we look for in such matters?
Posted By: Anonymous | May 6, 2009 1:01 PM
"Ruppy is a far cry from the genetically engineered humans of futuristic movies like Gattaca; at the same time, I wonder if Ruppy represents a step toward that."
Ruppy's purpose is to perfect and move forward with human genetic engineering. We're so easily taken by a cute story about a glow in the dark puppy, but the incidieousness of this should not go unnoticed. The goal for these geneticists is eugenic in purpose. How can the human species be improved? How can defective humans be erradicated? This should cause us to pause and consider what it means to be made in the image of God, the meaning of suffering, and the nature of sin and our ultimate redemption. Redemption will not be located in genetic engineering, but only through the culmination of God's sovereign plan.
Posted By: Anonymous | May 7, 2009 9:48 AM
From Linda Tagliaferro: Someone anonymously replied: "Was the original breeder of the Chihuahua destroying the natural purity of a living being? Is this any different than creating a new dog breed"
--My answer is that a number of breeds have physical problems because of the blending by selective breeding. And yes, this is tremendously different than creating a new dog breed.
What's happening here is that researchers are playing God by taking genes from one organism and inserting them into another living being, when these disparate beings could never mate and reproduce naturally.
And he/she also anonymously asked: "From a basic research standpoint, is it wrong to do this kind of thing to a dog even for the sake of "figuring out how things work" for possible benefit to humanity (I doubt anyone would argue making a Ruman [Red Fluorescent Human] would be inside the bounds of the ethical)?"
--I've heard the hollow argument that research on animals could benefit humans and is therefore the correct thing to do. The flawed logic here is that if you do research on animals, you know a lot about how something affects that animal... but not necessarily how it affects humans.
And I once heard Dr. Michael Fox speak about how the Bible tells us that we should care for the animals of this earth. He also said that maybe not wanting to make a genetically engineered creature suffer is part of what makes us human.
Posted By: Linda Tagliaferro | June 3, 2009 8:45 PM
they've already done glow in the dark fish. they got a varyed report
Posted By: Red Sea Max | January 6, 2011 5:14 AM