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June 24, 2011

Should Christians Pursue External Beauty?

A controversial Psychology Today article arguing that black women are less attractive than others got me thinking about real beauty.

Give beauty back,
beauty, beauty, beauty,
back to God,
beauty's self and beauty's giver.

(Gerard Manley Hopkins, "The Leaden Echo and the Golden Echo.”)

woman.JPG

“Why Are Black Women Less Physically Attractive Than Other Women?”

That's the title of a recent (and promptly removed) Psychology Today online article by London School of Economics psychologist Satoshi Kanazawa. It should be a dead giveaway that the content to follow will be nonsense. It doesn’t take a scientist to figure that out. Kanazawa rated survey responses from the Add Health project, a somewhat select questionnaire completed by a small pool of participants. He concluded that black women are “objectively less physically attractive than white, Asian or Native American women.” Kanazawa added, “The only thing I can think of that might explain the lower average physical attractiveness among black women is testosterone. Africans on average have higher levels of testosterone than other races . . . .”

The public and journalistic uproar has died down. I’m sure Psychology Today has since had some interesting staff meetings. Naturally, I am tempted to cite the litany of painstakingly beautiful black women. But responding this way would be moot, suggesting the premise of the “scientific study” is legitimate discourse. Still, I have found myself reflecting on some deeper concerns it gets to, besides issues of racism that most critics have noted.

For me, a Christian Nigerian-American woman, it's equally important to debunk Kanazawa's ridiculous query as it is to examine how tempting it still is to allow ourselves to fall captive to the popular imagination that insists that physical attractiveness encapsulates the highest definition of beauty, and is the chief means by which we measure our and others’ value. Women have never been strangers to this cultural temptation. Beauty, as our culture defines it, lures us to want to both “put it on” and possess it for our personal gratification and public flaunting.

For people of faith, a fuller understanding of beauty is that it always points us back towards God’s self and God’s goodness. If we Christians believe Scripture, then even though we recognize that all creation mirrors the beauty of God, we most fully recognize God through the person of Jesus Christ. To look for God is first to look to the Word that bears witness to the Triune God, and then to match up the witness of the illuminating Word with the Spirit’s movement in the world. Following this trajectory presumes that beauty is that which reflects the life of Christ.

harriet%20tubman.jpg

Such reasoning offers a whole new landscape on which to spot and cultivate the multiple forms that beauty takes, including what we do with our bodies, and how we use our hands and minds to nurture the flourishing of those in and out of our communities. Consequently, a historical litany of the most beautiful women would include Harriet Tubman, Wangari Muta Maathai, and the numerous Argentinean women known as Grandmothers of La Plaza de Mayo. A God-centered hunger for beauty is most fully satisfied when we pattern our lives after what we know of God’s character through Christ. And this is by no means to suggest a Marcion reading, that we know God only through the New Testament. Rather, as Lutheran theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer posited so beautifully, we know God and his covenant story with humanity only by starting in the middle of God’s story, with Christ.

However, lest we throw the supermodel out with the baptismal water, Kanazawa cannot be critiqued for researching physical beauty itself. Our culture’s sinful emphasis on it doesn’t make it bad. As one naturally motivated and affected by aesthetics, I won’t deny the power of the human form in the peoples and cultures that reveal God’s incomprehensible, holy imagination. As a woman convicted that cultivating internal beauty both honors God and provides a way of living into God’s best for us, I also hold that women, Christian or not, can and should delight in the beauty of their human form.

Physical attributes of beauty are also a segment of beauty from the God-centered perspective. Our bodies are works of divine art, in all their shapes and sizes and various abilities or disabilities. It is always an act of faithfulness to delight in that which God delights, and I believe that God delights in what God creates. How one accentuates the beauty of the human form is another topic altogether, full of subjective arguments. But there is nothing inherently wrong with minding how we look and expressing our attempts, albeit at times quite fallen, to layer our multifaceted ideas of beauty upon that which is already beautiful. I am both playfully and sincerely grateful that I have the luxury to dwell on what I believe is most flattering to my human form, what dresses, occasional shade of lip gloss, or flimsy scarf makes me feel beautiful.

But while I delight in seeking to be beautiful on the inside and on the outside, I don't hang my existential coat on this body. The grace of Christ and the power of the Spirit help me cultivate the former and hold the latter loosely. There is no doubt that Kanazawa was on to something in that beauty deserves attention. But that attention should ultimately point us back to God, “beauty’s self and beauty’s giver.”

Enuma Okoro was born in the United States and raised in Nigeria, Ivory Coast, and England. She holds a Master of Divinity from Duke Divinity School where she served as director for the Center for Theological Writing. The author of Reluctant Pilgrim and co-author of Common Prayer (with Shane Claiborne and Jonathan Wilson-Hartgrove), Enuma lives in Raleigh, North Carolina. She blogs at EnumaOkoro.com.

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Comments

Thank you for an insightful, thoughtful post on a very important topic. Beauty, like all things laden with power for both good and evil (sex is another good example of this), needs to be at the forefront of biblical teaching and thinking.

At one time in history, some of the most aesthetically pleasing human works were found in the church and made by her people. The church today has lost touch with the right meaning and power of beauty.

marvelous! Thank you, Enuma!

I love this post; thanks, Enuma. I am with you--Wangari Muta Maathai is one of the most beautiful women alive--thanks for bringing real beauty to the fore.

I had not heard about this article and I'm just so completely and absolutely in shock that in this day and age someone would try to post garbage like that. I am appalled.

I really like _this_ article (by Ms. Okoro). I do believe that when possible we should try to strive for beauty as God clearly loves beauty (just watch the sunset!) - and so much of it should be internal! I loved how you indicated a balance approached to physical beauty as well.

Ironically I was thinking about something last night that really exemplifies this article in my mind. I was watching the results show for So You Think You Can Dance and the camera was on Ashley Rich - I noticed how she has the very (very) stereotypical big bottom lip and a very small upper lip, which would not usually be considered all that attractive (I would guess - I'm not a man) but her smile - her beautiful wide smile shows an inner beauty that is magnificent. I have no idea if she's a Christian or if she falls under the "sweet and nice" category but it was something I noticed last night.... overall she really is a very attractive young woman but it was fascinating to see how her inner beauty covered up what some would see as an unattractive feature.

Beautifully written essay, Enuma. This topic was already on my mind as I finished reading a writer's recent blog post on whether authors' appearances matter in publishing/publicity. Most of the commenters said, yes, it does matter; the photo on the book jacket does sway people in deciding whether to buy the book or not. (I'll admit to this; if I'm undecided on a book and whether I ought to read the contents and the author looks "creepy", I usually pass.)

Yet some of the most beautiful, truthful, profound words in literature have been written by unseen people (no photos/pictures available of the Psalmist David!) or people who might be deemed "unattractive" by certain standards. I think it's because they cultivate their inner beauty and hold outer beauty loosely; they can still appreciate the ability to beautify their bodies, but it's not an obsession.

The most beautiful people in the faith are the ones confident in the Lord, confident in who they are and resting in God's peace. Someone like that just shines and it doesn't matter if their physical characteristics are those that this society says are the beautiful ones.

I am a thin white woman who for so many years wistfully wished God had made her black. I don't know who the author of Psychology Today asked but I think some of the most physically beautiful people are those with dark skin.

As far as Christians and more specifically Christian women, I think we are supposed to care for our appearance but not go to the extreme where we are an distraction. God loves beauty. And our appearances shouldn't be such that we make others stumble, but people who neglect their appearance can be as much as a distraction as those who spend too much time working on it.

I could not even get past the initial sentences claiming that black women are less attractive to read the entire article, even though it was not THIS author's point, rather her counterpoint. Black woman are so very beautiful, how could ANY one think they are less than?

Beauty in America comes from the illusion of Hollywood moguls. These men were European immigrants from lands where blonde hair and blue eyes were the prize. I am Caucasian and male but am fed up with the cookie cutter looks of many on television: one blonde headed bimbo after another. I remember seeing a woman in a grocery store who had long beautiful blonde hair. When she turned around, I discovered she was Hispanic. Her hair color did not match her natural skin tone. To me, she was destroying her own ethnicity to match an illusion that has no place in reality. All of us fear rejection because God rejected mankind after they sinned in the garden. In Christ, we are accepted as we are and loved enough to overcome any rejection. In one study, it was found that bone structure and facial symmetry are the foundation of beauty regardless of race. A woman should be clean, hair combed, and, if cosmetics are used, a little to enhance what is there. To create an illusion is to create a lie and therefore wrong.

I'm guessing it was about 50+ years ago that I read an article where someone asked Billy Graham if it was proper for a female to wear makeup. His reply was that it was perfectly proper for a female to use whatever makeup was necessary to make her attractive. A racial designation was not included in his comment.

Bill Simpson

Beauty is almost always culturally conditioned. In some cultures, thin is in. For others, plump is preferred. In some, styling gel scores points. In others, au natural is the goal.

The deeper question: for whom are we trying to look good? Men? One man? Other women? Ourselves? Any of these possibilities can lead to some form of idolatry. Neglecting any of these can lead to some form of arrogance.

Let's face it, I don't see the point in trying to look good for Jesus. But it's no sin to try to look better than we are at our most untended.

I dont understand how black women can be so unattractive and yet so many other women from other races try to imatate them now with the full lips and well endowed breast etc. If I thought someone was ugly I sure wouldnt try to be like them NUF SAID!

Great article--last week, the Bible study I am leading for teen girls focused on self-worth and how images we see in the media can tempt us to believe that we don't live up to some standard of beauty. I hope to impress upon my girls the truth that "beauty is that which reflects the life of Christ."

Praise God for such a thoughtful article! As a Christian woman originally from Sierra Leone, West Africa, I couldn't be more pleased. My daily prayer is that the beauty of Jesus would be seen in me both inwardly and outwardly in accordance with God's will.

A wonderful pastor from years ago once said:"A coat of paint will make even an old barn look better." The beauty of our Lord will shine gloriously in the appearance of a godly woman. Do what you are comfortable with....the Holy Spirit will ratify within your heart what is beautiful to our Father! And this will be a witness to the lost--our targets for the life we lead!

I like previous posters, had not seen this article and was shocked to read the headline. I am grateful that my mom raised me, not to see color of skin, but the human being, not the disablities, but the possiblities, not to see the sinner standing before us in the mirror but the beautiful vessel that God is changing and restoring to perfect beauty. I am sad that there is still a thread of a generation that would suggest that one race is less beautiful. We are all children of our God, the creator of all things and if I know that when God creates something it is good, beautiful and perfect. The uglies show up when we, living in a fallen world start to decide, like satan, that we are a better judge.

Bravo to you my love for writing a great article about the uglies in our world. You are a beautiful creature created by our God, so are all our brothers and sisters in Christ who do beleive, there are no words in any magazine that can take that away from us. We now need to instill this into the youth of our world to help continue the change in the currents of our time.

According to the Bible there is only one " race " ,the human race or as the Bible refers to us " mankind ".
Catagorizing people into different races came about through evolutionary doctrine and has caused untold misery and atrocities .
As has been pointed out different cultures have different views on what constitutes beauty and we see many women in the west trying to live up to the unrealistic demands of beauty - many of which are due to airbrushing etc .

Beauty, it is said, is in the eye of the beholder!. As someone earlier commented, when a woman can understand and appreciate what God thinks of her, she will glow. We lay more emphasis on the physical, when there is insecurity and low self-worth. When we catch a revelation of what Christ thinks of us, and His thoughts towards us, His beauty will radiate from us. This is most important.

Yes, beauty is that which reflects the character of Christ, especially for those of us who are already Christ-followers. But there is a sense in which beauty itself calls those who don't know Christ to Him. N.T. Wright (in his book Simply Christian) finds beauty to be one of the four signposts "pointing beyond itself"; it is one of what he calls "echoes of a voice" that draw the non-believer into thinking about God in the first place. Most folks in our modern world don't get the luxury of "starting in the middle of God's story, with Christ", but instead feel their way along towards Him, step by step and hint by hint.

Great article with excellent points!

As far as the importance we assign to physical beauty, I think it's plain that God loves beauty. Look how beautiful the biblical descriptions of heaven are. Look even at the instructions God gave the Israelites for building his temple--it was beautiful.

The problem is that in our sinful world, we all fall short of the perfection God intended, and this leads to much personal pain and longing on our part. But the bodies we have now are just earthly bodies, not our permanent bodies, which will be undeniably perfect. The key, I think, is not to be so attached to our temporary bodies that their imperfections become a stumbling block to us. We should always be focused not on what is passing away but on what is to come!

Do you get the point?

Thanks for this article. I had been disappointed that the only Christian blog that had discussed the Psychology Today article up to this point was Urban Faith. It's been ALL OVER other blogs for some time now. I think the Psychology Today "study" is simply characterisitic of attacks on African/African American women: within a short period of time when this article appeared, there were more billboards in African American communities about abortion (don't get me wrong, I'm against abortion, but some of these billboards have been OFFENSIVE), the sexual assault on the maid by the now former head of the IMF, and of course, the ongoing atrocities in Congo. People say and do these things because they CAN. Until we ALL pay attention to insults against Black women and women of any race/ethnicity/religion/culture, they will continue.

In my opinion, the author of the Psychology Today based his article on social factors, not scientific factors. He noticed how the choice of a mate for the black man when he has wealth, fame and fortune is drastically different from his choice when he is in the opposite situation. When I goggled "Christian Black NBA players and their wives" 100% OF THE BLACK FAMOUS MEN HAD WIVES WHO WERE NOT BLACK!!!

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